Globalization Questionnaire Essay

Globalization is a shift toward a more interdependent and integrated world economy (Hill, 2009). The globalization of markets and the globalization of production are several factors of globalization. Advances in transportation and telecommunications make it possible for businesses to reach other countries. National economies are merging and material culture looks the same no matter where an individual is in the world. Mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, new trade theory, Heckscher-Ohlin, product life-cycle, and national competitive advantage are all international trade theories. Drivers of Globalization One driver of globalization is the declining trade and investment barriers. Many decades ago, strict barriers to international trade and direct foreign investment existed (Hill, 2009). The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established to help countries work together in an effort to cut tariffs on industrial services, goods, and agriculture. The other driver of globalization is technological change. Advances in information processing, transportation, and the Internet have evolved since World War II (Hill, 2009). The microprocessor is the single most important innovation in technology. Microprocessors encode, transmit, and decode information. The rapid expansion of the Internet has become the information backbone of the global economy (2009). The Internet makes it easy for buyers and sellers to conduct business without having to leave their home or office. Transportation technology has advanced with the development of containerization, superfreighters, and commercial jets. Commercial jets have reduced the time it takes to get from one place to another and containerization has lowered the cost of shipping goods around the world. * Effects of Globalization on Community  The values and norms of an individual’s culture are influenced by social structure, language, religion, and education. Class-conscious societies are characterized by low social mobility and a high degree of stratification while less class-conscious societies are characterized by a low degree of stratification and high social mobility. Language has spoken and unspoken dimensions and countries with more than one language have more than one culture. Formal education is a way individuals are socialized into the values and norms of a society through learned skills. Religion is a system of shared beliefs and rituals.

Benjamin Franklin Essay

Can a man be as vast as a nation? Did the life-experiences and cultural contributions of a single individual play as pivotal a role in the establishment of American democracy and American culture as any written declaration, constitution, or law? Without a doubt, there are historians who stand at the ready to assert that Benjamin Franklin was just such an individual. Numerous books, scholarly articles, essays, encyclopedias, and even works of fiction have contributed and continue to contribute to the mythic status of Benjamin Franklin in American history. However, there is is good reason to reject any surface-level interpretation of Franklin’s important contributions to the founding of American Democracy, and read with great care the complex and extensive evolution of Franklin’s actions and stated philosophies over the span of a great many years. The resulting image of Franklin when the myth of Franklin and the historical Franklin are compared is one of a challengingly deep and complex thinker, and of a man who acted in keeping with his deepest philosophical, moral, and spiritual beliefs — many of which were quite radical in his day and many of which were astonishingly traditional. The truth of the matter is that â€Å"†Franklin’s extant writings are so rich and voluminous that one can find almost any sort of Franklin one wishes to find,† (Frasca, 2007) but, certainly, in comparing the historical Franklin to the mythic Franklin, important insight into American history and into the psychology of American culture can be gained. Franklin’s career can be said to have begun very early in his life, when he â€Å"left school at 10 years of age to help his father† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007); not long afterward, he â€Å"was apprenticed to his half brother James, a printer and publisher of the New England Courant, to which young Ben secretly contributed. After much disagreement he left his brother’s employment and went (1723) to Philadelphia to work as a printer† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). Franklin’s early life was later given its first â€Å"boost† toward mythic status with posthumous publication of Franklin’s â€Å"Autobiography† in 1791, not long after Franklin’s death. If the â€Å"Autobiography† helped to foster the mythic status of Franklin in American history, it was but one of the many examples of Franklin’s written contributions to American culture. During his active career, Franklin was immersed not only in science and history, but in philosophy and ethical theory as well. His popular writings contained both humor and moral axioms — notably in his very popular publication, â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac,† which was â€Å"In his day the great source of profit to every printer [†¦ ] which was issued yearly, and which was the vade-mecum in every household that could spare the necessary two or three pence annually† (Ford, 1899, p. 400). Franklin’s steady contributions to American popular culture during his lifetime included not only the folk wisdom of Poor Richard, but with much-needed humor for the American continent: In America, however, either because the immigrants had been recruited from the unfortunate and the religiously austere, or because the hardness of the conditions resulted in a sadness which tinctured the lives of the people, there seems to have been a practical extinction of all sense of the humorous. (Ford, 1899, p. 388) Against this background, Franklin — himself often a deep-thinker and a moody person — articulated the first instances of a natively American sense of humor. This fact is very important in evaluating both the mythical and the historical Franklin because the mythic Franklin remains empty of all but a few slight traces of Franklin’s triumphant career and reputation as a humorist. His status as such is very important because, as mentioned, it is Franklin’s cultural contribution to America as well as his political contributions which cements his status as a Founding Father and which has resulted in the extensive influence Franklin has held over American culture from its earliest beginnings. Franklin used humor in a very conscious way to pave the way for his more considered ethical and moral ideas; more importantly he seized the opportunity to define humor in America for generations: â€Å"perhaps his most remarkable attribute is that the future historian of the now famous American humor must begin its history with the first publication of Poor Richard† (Ford, 1899, p. 389) and, by doing so, Franklin placed himself in a key position to define through humor just what it mean to be an American. His capacities as a humorist do not seem to have been affected, but rather emerged naturally out of his personality. Franklin used humor to not only define himself and to partially define American culture, but as a method to settle scores or take shots at traditional beliefs or institutions: â€Å"His irresistible inclination to screw a joke out of everything is illustrated by the scrapes he got himself into with his advertisers. Employed to print an announcement of the sailing of a ship, he added an â€Å"N. B. † of his own, to the effect that among the passengers â€Å"No Sea Hens, nor Black Gowns will be admitted on any terms. † Some of the clergy, properly incensed, withdrew their subscriptions from the â€Å"Gazette. † Yet this did not cure him of the tendency, and he was quickly offending again. (Ford, 1899, p. 394) Humor and literary works provided one means for Franklin to influence the development of early American culture and these aspects are slightly contained in the myth of Benjamin Franklin, with the humorous aspects downplayed. For example, â€Å"Poor Richard’s Almanac† is probably part of the Franklin myth in most people’s minds and they probably also are aware that Franklin offered axioms of wisdom in this Almanac, but many people are probably deeply unaware that Franklin’s gift for humor was not only an important part of his literary output, but an aspect of his personal philosophy and a method by which he engaged other people and also helped to resolved conflicts. Another aspect of the Franklin myth is that he â€Å"invented† electricity by tying a key to a kite-string. Like many myths, this myth has a basis in historical reality: â€Å"His experiment of flying a kite in a thunderstorm, which showed that lightning is an electrical discharge[†¦ ] and his invention of the lightning rod[†¦ ] won him recognition from the leading scientists in England† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) but it is a slim basis. What the â€Å"lightning and key† myth represents in a compressed form is the long and complex contribution to the natural sciences and to popular inventions which actually was a part of the historical Franklin’s career. In regards to his actual scientific achievements, Franklin is noted by historians to have been a brilliant inventor and adapter of existing technologies: â€Å"He repeated the experiments of other scientists and showed his usual practical bent by inventing such diverse things as the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses, and a glass harmonica† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007); he is regarded as having a very brilliant scientific mind and a keen sense of practical implementation of abstract ideas. These qualities are also present in Franklin’s philosophical and political ideas which will be discussed shortly and together, Franklin’s scientific, philosophical. and political vision actually coincide with the â€Å"popular† aesthetic already shown to have been a part of his literary output. In some ways, Franklin’s cultural contributions mirror a deeply democratic sense of purpose and fulfillment: the creation of common axioms, a common wisdom, along with useful technologies are not separate from Franklin’s political vision. Ironically, the egalitarianism which is inferred in Franklin’s guiding principles is less present on the surface in his specifically political writings. When specifically considering Franklin’s political beliefs and writings, it should be pointed out that Franklin was actually â€Å"very different from the other Founding Fathers. He was older and more committed to the British Empire and certainly more cosmopolitan and urbane than they were† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) and because Franklin lived abroad for just under twenty years in England and having traveled a lot through Europe, Franklin was in many ways â€Å"the least American of the revolutionaries† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551). This duality in the historical Franklin is, of course, completely absent from the â€Å"lightning and key† mythic Franklin who is regarded as a Founding Father of American democracy. This last idea of the myth of Franklin is true enough, but as this paper has hopefully shown, the historical picture of Franklin is a more ambiguous and much more complex than the myth. This is an understandable condition because part of what myth does with historical events is to simplify them and streamline them so that the symbolic impact can be made more powerful and less diluted by alternate interpretation. It would be difficult if not impossible, for example, to generate a mythic vision of Franklin which included the historical reality that Franklin â€Å"preferred the social and intellectual life of London to that of Philadelphia† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) or that â€Å"his landlady, Margaret Stevenson, and her precocious daughter, Polly, provided Franklin with more compatible intellectual companionship than did his own wife and daughter† (Morgan, 2005, p. 551) so these very real and very important aspects of Franklin’s actual life and his actual personality are absent from the Franklin myth. Yet these aspects, and others, are extremely important in helping to define and understand what exactly Franklin contributed as a Founding Father of American democracy. That his cultural contributions, whether humorous, literary, or scientific not only fostered his myth but actually altered the course and evolution of American society is demonstrable by way of historical evidence. What, then, were Franklin’s political contributions to the early American nation? Did Franklin evidence as much resourcefulness and thoroughness in his political career as he evidenced in his career as a printer, or humorist, or inventor? One very interesting aspect of Franklin’s life is that he dealt with not only the revolt of the American colonies against a British Empire which he loved, but also with the resulting estrangement from his own (illegitimate) son during the course of the war. Franklin’s actions at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War give a solid glimpse into his sympathies and beliefs at the time: As trouble between the British government and the colonies grew with the approach of the American Revolution, Franklin’s deep love for his native land and his devotion to individual freedom brought (1775) him back to America. There, while his illegitimate son, William Franklin, was becoming a leader of the Loyalists, Benjamin Franklin became one of the greatest statesmen of the American Revolution and of the newborn nation. (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) As a statesman, Franklin’s contributions can be at least to some degree quantified and cited: he was postmaster general, a delegate to the Continental Congress, an appointee and signatory to the committee which wrote the Declaration of Independence, he was also â€Å"sent to Canada with Samuel Chase and Charles Carroll of Carrollton to persuade the people of Canada to join the patriot cause† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). The mythic vision of Franklin as a powerful statesman delivering powerful, moving oratory before the Continental Congress, or laboriously poring over draft versions of the Declaration of Independence are confronted by anecdotes of historical fact. An example of this is John Adams, who â€Å"contemptuously described a Franklin â€Å"from day to day sitting in silence, a great part of the time fast asleep in his chair† and sighed that he was likely nevertheless to get credit for everything achieved by the Congress,† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203). Again, Franklin’s political reputation was based not so much in his perception among his American colleagues, but in his foreign popularity and fame. His best tactic was not spell-binding oratory or intricate legalese, but in injecting â€Å"a calm pronouncement or a bit of humor† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 203) into difficult political processes. The question still remains as to what Franklin, personally, believed about the American Revolution — during the time of the revolt and afterward — and whether or not Franklin can be accurately described as a firm believer in democratic principles. The historical facts suggest that Franklin held conflicting views about democracy and royalist rule. On the one hand, he advocated personal liberty, on the other, he seemed reluctant to dismiss with the notion of a royalist government altogether. As he wrote in the â€Å"Autobiography,† his feelings were not at all certain during the time of the approaching revolution: â€Å"In our way thither I projected and drew up a plan for the union of all the colonies under one government, so far as might be necessary for defense, and other important general purposes† (Franklin, 1914, p. 131) but here there is no mention of a constitution or a strong Federal government at all. Franklin’s own visions for â€Å"a single-chamber congress and a weak executive council were rejected† (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007) and, alter, although he objected to aspects of the final Constitution, â€Å"he helped to direct the compromise [and] worked earnestly for its ratification’ (â€Å"Franklin, Benjamin,† 2007). The picture which emerges of Franklin as a politician is one of a man whose core-principles were challenged by the birth of a new government, but who fought resolutely on behalf of the new nation without regard for the degree to which it mirrored, exactly, his always-evolving personal beliefs. In addition to the differences which are evident between Franklin the myth and Franklin the historical figure in regard to his literary, scientific, and political contributions to American history, two other areas of Franklin’s life are absent from the mythological figure of Franklin: his religious and racial convictions. Of course, it is absolutely true that Franklin’s religious convictions and his views on race and ethnicity evolved throughout his lifetime. On the other hand, Franklin’s religious beliefs seemed to occupy a central place in his interpretation of his own life’s purpose and the meaning of his life. Where religion is concerned, Franklin’s most intimate beliefs depict a rather traditional point of view. Because of his personal experiences and personal fortunes, Franklin tended to view the arc of his life in rather conventional religious terms: â€Å"Scattered through his writings are sentences full of gratitude to God for His favor in lifting him up from such a low to such a high estate, in bringing him substantially unscathed through the graver dangers and baser temptations of human life, and in affording him the assurance that the divine goodness, of which he had received such signal proofs in his career, would not cease with his death† (Bruce, 1917, p. 51) — these simple, but enduring, beliefs are easily compatible with many forms of American Christianity. That said, it would be very difficult to trace an influence from Franklin to modern Christianity, nor an influence of Christianity directly on the myth of Franklin. In both fact and in myth, Franklin’s traditional religious ideas are downplayed due, presumably, to their being conspicuously in keeping with the common ideas of Franklin’s time. Interestingly enough, Franklin retained his religious convictions at the close of his very eventful life and the fruition of his religious convictions strengthened him in old age and in death. As one of his biographers wrote: â€Å"WHEN THE DAY CAME, April 17, 1790, he was ready. All his life he had been gingerly taming death, stripping it of its awe and power, clothing it in appealing metaphors of travel and bliss, humoring it, giving it a place in the family circle† (Lopez & Herbert, 1975, p. 308) and because of his receptiveness to deeply held religious convictions which were, nonetheless, not tied to any kind of dogma or strict adherence to religious doctrine, Franklin’s religious philosophies and his actual death are gestures, also, of a democratic sprit and and individualist. The conflict which the religious side of the historical Franklin presents for the mythic vision of Franklin is difficult to articulate. It has to do with the fact that, while Franklin’s individualistic take on Christian principles and religious ideas does, in fact, make a very compatible fit with the American notion of individual liberty, Franklin’s avoidance of traditional dogma and doctrine results in making his individualistic religious beliefs more difficult to define and express to a popular audience. Just as there is no easy mythical expression for Franklin’s humor, as there is for his scientific prowess, there is no ready mythic symbol for his peculiarly individualistic religious beliefs which are rooted in traditional Christianity. Just as Franklin’s religious attitudes fail to find mythic expression, his ambiguous views on race and racial prejudice also are a poor fit for the Franklin myth. The attentive observer of history will take into consideration that at various points in his life, Franklin was demonstrably racist and xenophobic: â€Å"Franklin was clearly unhappy about the great number of Germans who were immigrating to his home town of Philadelphia, even though many supported him by patronizing his printing business† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and also, Franklin — prior to the Revolutionary War — â€Å"grumbled about Philadelphia’s bilingual (English and German) street signs and complained that the Pennsylvania parliament needed to use translators† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). In addition to these historical facts, there is evidence that Franklin was not only racist, but perhaps a bit paranoid about other races and cultures. He wrote on one occasion, â€Å"That the Number of purely white People in the World is proportionably very small†¦. † (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) which in and of itself might be considered merely an observation of fact until it is paired with Franklin’s words, which preceded the statement: â€Å"Why should Pennsylvania, founded by the English, become a Colony of Aliens, who will shortly be so numerous as to Germanize us instead of our Anglifying them† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). These kinds of historical details and indications of Franklin’s character have no place in the Franklin myth. Their impact on the historical influence of Franklin is one which is very complicated and fascinating because the evolution of Franklin’s thoughts and actions in regard to issues of race underwent a profound change throughout his life. Although Franklin seemed to regard one race being in conflict with another in some of his writings, he nevertheless, â€Å"was chosen to be president of one of the first anti-slavery societies in America,† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005) and he went on to help to â€Å"create black schools, assist free blacks to obtain work, promote family-friendly values, and improve the social conditions black children† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005). The most important aspect of Franklin’s views on racism is that his ideas â€Å"evolved over his lifetime, becoming more tolerant and egalitarian as he grew older† (Lapham & Saunders, 2005), however, even such a dramatic and ultimately positivistic aspect of Franklin’s historical biography is left out of the Franklin myth. A letter to Franklin from his sister seems to encapsulate the very kinds of ambiguities and vagaries which the myth of Franklin exists to erase. His sister remarks of the American revolution: â€Å"to Propagate Is stufed into them, & it is Dificult to know whither Either Party are in the Right. for my Part I wish we had Let alone strife before it was medled with & folowed things that make for Peace† (Van Doren, 1950, p. 107) and from this letter and others like it, the modern observer is able to glean at least a partial understanding that ideas and conflicts in Franklin’s time were no more clear, no more â€Å"black and white† than they are in our own. In conclusion, while the myth of Benjamin Franklin, the man who â€Å"discovered† electricity with a key tied to a kite, the man who â€Å"wrote† the Declaration of Independence, a man who is one of the Founding Fathers of America, is a powerful and enduring myth, the historical facts of Franklin’s long and eventful life offer and a more authentic illustration of early-American philosophy, politics, and culture. The conflict between the myth of Franklin and Franklin the historical figure is rooted in the fact that historical truths are often ambiguous, complex and difficult to express succinctly, whereas myth, while sacrificing authenticity often makes a far more expedient impact on popular consciousness. Franklin the historical figure achieved a far greater influence practically over the development of American culture and American politics than the myth is capable of expressing; however, the historical facts of Franklin’s life also sometimes stand in stark opposition to the myth which they, at least in part, began. References Bruce, W. C. (1917). Benjamin Franklin, Self-Revealed: A Biographical and Critical Study Based Mainly on His Own Writings (Vol. 1). New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Franklin, Benjamin. (2007). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed. ). New York: Columbia University Press. Ford, P. L. (1899). The Many-Sided Franklin. New York: The Century Co. Franklin, B. (1914). The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York: Macmillan. Frasca, R. (2007). Benjamin Franklin Unmasked: On the Unity of His Moral, Religious, and Political Thought. The Historian, 69(2), 359+. Lapham, S. S. , & Saunders, A. (2005). Benjamin Franklin’s Evolving Views on Race and Ethnicity. Social Education, 69(1), 13+. Lopez, C. , & Herbert, E. W. (1975). The Private Franklin: The Man and His Family. New York: W. W. Norton. Morgan, D. T. (2005). The Americanization of Benjamin Franklin. The Historian, 67(3), 551. Van Doren, C. (Ed. ). (1950). The Letters of Benjamin Franklin & Jane Mecom. Princeton, NJ:

Smythson of Bond Street Brand Positioning

Smythson of Bond Street is a British luxury leather goods and personalized stationery brand. It is a synonym of exclusivity, discreet good taste, elegance, and British heritage. It was founded in 1887 in London and ever since, the brand has received clients such as the Queen Victoria, the Royal Family, Grace Kelly, and Madonna. Besides that, Smythson is positioned as the â€Å"British Hermes† according to its current CEO Andy Janowski; whom along with the new Design Director Rory O’ Honlon wants to consolidate the brand as an â€Å"iconic British luxury leather goods brand†.They want to raise their global awareness and the brand’s image by highlighting Smythson’s expression of contemporary classicism, its 125 year heritage, and unique craftsmanship. Smythson offers a variety of luxury leather goods such as handbags, clutches, wallets, travel accessories, books and diaries, home accessories, covers for high-tech tools, and high-end stationery; all pr oducts with minimalist designs that fit Smythson’s aesthetics.Plus, customers customizing and engraving options go from gold stamped initials to personalized motifs and monograms. Furthermore, the brand appeals to high-end customers both men and women looking for exclusive, high quality, detailed leather accessories, who value first class stationery and paper goods. On the other hand, possible competitors for Smythson are Luxury brands such as Burberry and Gucci. First, Burberry is also a British luxury brand that wants to penetrate the market by highlighting their British Heritage.Unlike Smythson, Burberry has a ready-to-wear line and it does not carry stationery goods. Second, another competitor could be the Italian brand Gucci, because it also sells luxury leather goods but the brand images are different. Gucci appeals more to customers looking for sexy, glamorous, and extravagant goods, while Smythson is targeted towards a more conservative, classic, yet fashionable custo mer.

Financial strategy Course -case on Mergers & Acquisitions- Essay

Financial strategy Course -case on Mergers & Acquisitions- - Essay Example The kind of acquisition opted for Capita plc is reverse merger which will provide the benefits of public company thus acquired by it. The expectation of Capita related to the increase in the revenue of Capita plc has well been met. The valuation of iSoft at the point of dealing was AUD 28.5 million from the proceeds of the sale of assets. These earnings of the company were mainly to repay the financial dues of the company. As iSoft Business solutions was considered a non-core part of the iSoft group, so the company took the decision to sell it off as thing wing of the company was yielding negative returns. Moreover, further investment in this particular wing of the company may not have been useful. Thus the decision of selling off the company was taken by the management of the company. However, the major success that Capita plc obtained by acquiring iSoft Business solutions was unthinkable. This led to the company to further acquisition of companies expanding its market in varied fie lds. Thus from the study it can be inferred that acquisition is a better option than a merger. Probable decline in the revenue and the rise in the cost of iSoft Business solutions led to the acquisition of the company by Capita plc. Appreciation of the Australian dollar against the Euro was one of the main reasons behind the decline in earnings of iSoft Business solutions. This eroded the revenue of the company by $108 million in comparison to the previous year. In fiscal year 2010, over 70% of the revenues of iSoft’s revenue were denominated in GBP and Euro. Even the other regions in which iSoft Business solutions operated had more or less flat revenue. Thus the company anticipated a large portion of cost towards the revival of the company but the growth in revenues did not materialize. The major portion of the iSoft’s cost being fixed in nature resulted in the decline in the flow of

Lane college Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lane college - Essay Example Lane College has such an environment where one wants to learn more and more. Learning and spreading knowledge is the unsaid slogan here. Good education guarantees successful future and a bright future is what is wanted by every individual who yearns to live a life of improved quality. When I will put my best efforts in achieving proper education, I will not have to struggle so hard to achieve basic luxuries of life. I believe that I will be able to get good job prospects after I come out of my professional education. I have always seen my mother struggling too hard to earn a living after the demise of my father. The hard times that my mother and I have seen have filled in me the utmost desire to gain higher education so that I do not have to live the life of unfulfilled desires. This ambition of mine has made me choose Lane College for further education and I am sure that this college and its knowledgeable staff will help me attain my desires.

Physiology and Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Physiology and Function - Essay Example Thermoregulation effects of feeding influence the  BMR, which is the amount of calories needed for absorption, transport, digestion, and storing the food consumed. The thermoregulation effects of activity are the rate of burning calories in a human being by exercising and normal movements (Faires, 2011). The body obtains these nutrients from proteins like meat, eggs, and beans are they are essential in a human being. In this case, dietary allocations of essential ammino acids increase muscle protein synthesis (Hulmi, Lockwood, & Stout, 2010). Metabolism refers to the physical and chemical processes that take place in the cells of a living organism in order to sustain the life of the organism. These processes encourage growth, reproduction and allow living organisms to maintain their structures and respond to their environment. These processes require nutrients absorption and production of energy in order to thermo regulate the body (Rose, 1999). Catabolism is a complex process where substances are broken down into simple substances by living cells (de Bolster, 1997). The process liberates energy that is used for work, heat production and energy storage from body nutrients during metabolic body processes. It produces carbon dioxide water and

Write an essay of approximately 750 words (approximately 3 pages) in - 1

Write an of approximately 750 words (approximately 3 pages) in length to answer the following prompt - Essay Example Some of these restrictions include speech related to slander, libel, hate speech, incitement against the government, classified word, and obscenity, intruding another individual privacy among others. In the United States, freedom of speech also known as freedom of expression is protected by the first Amendment of the American Constitution. This paper aims at evaluating whether virtual protest tactics such as the Direct Denial of Services Attack should be protected by the First Amendment of the U.S Constitution. In my opinion, the virtual protest tactics ought to be protected by the First Amendment of the American Constitution. The reason is that various individuals use these tactics to seek, impart and receive information about various issues thus utilizing their freedom of speech or expression. Further, people also use the virtual protest tactics to express their opinions and ideas regarding different issues in the society and also agree and disagree on some of the issues they find oppressing in the society. According to the constitution of the United States, every individual has the right to express their views on particular matters such as government issues through the use of any medium or channel (First Amendment, 2014). Therefore, the virtual protests are ideas and opinions of people that are communicated through the use of the internet as well as other social media platforms thus should be protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution. In addition, virtual protest tactics ought to be protected by the First Amendment of the American Constitution. It is because its primary aim is to inspire and motivate individuals to push for their rights and also air their grievances to the government. That, therefore, shows that these tactics are used to improve the methods used by people to express themselves as indicated in the freedom of speech. For

Establish the purpose and usefulness of a professional portfolio Assignment

Establish the purpose and usefulness of a professional portfolio. Establish the components of your professional portfolio - Assignment Example The most challenging steps in the four-step job process are the preparation and planning stages (Ferrett, 2002). These are considered challenging because it requires discerning one’s professional goals and a determination of genuine interests in a wide range of employment opportunities. Likewise, one’s strengths and even weaknesses have to be accurately assessed, acknowledged and addressed prior to confirming application in intended fields of endeavor. On the other hand, under the planning stage, it would initially be difficult to create one’s schedule of activities and incorporate them in current and future plans. As emphasized, the implementation of this step requires commitment and determination; especially in creating schedules of interviews, following up applications, returning and responding to call or correspondences, as required. Villanova University. (n.d.). The Professional Portfolio: A Guide for Preparing the Final Product. Retrieved from homepage.villanova.edu:

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English - Essay Example This paper therefore analyzes the main factors that are responsible for influencing success in British education system. Moore, Aiken and Chapman (2009) explain and insist that the main factor responsible for academic success in the education system of Britain is the social status and income of the student under consideration. Oneill (2008) explain that the high social status of a student will positively affect the test score that the child attains in class. Students coming from high social class enjoy the best facilities and materials that can help them to attain higher scores while they are in school. Furthermore, the parents or guardians of these children have the capability of taking them to private schools, that have highly qualified and talented teachers who will guide them on their academic performances or study. Furthermore, King (2008) explains that most people who come from high social backgrounds, their guardians or parents have a sound education background. It is based on this education background that these guardians will use to encourage their children or students to work hard in school, giving them all the necessary support needed for purposes of achieving this objective. Furthermore, these students are able to interact with their peers, who come from the same social class, having similar academic objectives, and hence motivating themselves, regarding academic studies and performances. It is important to understand that peer pressure plays a great role in influencing the behavior of a child (Oneill, 2008). Bad peer groups will negatively affect the child, making them loss interest in academics, as well as other social areas that can play a role in their growth. On the other hand, good peer groups play an important role in motivating a child to work hard in whatever he or she endeavors to undertake. King (2008)

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Property law coursework - Essay Example Crane Jr, because a covenant on registered land would be registered as well and not require a DII charge. The details of the charge need careful examination to determine any existing prior rights. Bearing these aspects in view, the existence of a CI land charge suggests that Mr. Crane’s right in the property may be in the nature of an equitable charge that is acquired by a tenant or statutory owner for life.3 There have been successive charges over this land, hence applying section 97 of the Property Act of 1925, any puisne mortgage existing in Mr. Crane’s favor will be determined by the order of registration, however the Land Charges Act4 would make such a mortgage void where a subsequent purchaser of the property is concerned. However, since Mr. Crane has registered the property and the deed exists, this problem may be averted. Section 53(1) of the now-repealed Law of Property Act of 1925 had clarified that no oral interests can be created in property. However Section 53(2) included the provision for the existence of a constructive trust arising in those cases where a former co-habitee asserts a beneficial interest arising out of an informal arrangement, such as that Ms. Chandra had with Mr. Crane, in providing funds for improvement of the property from her own savings. The Land Registration Act of 2002 which has replaced the Law of property Act of 1925 also includes a formality requirement of a signature, even for documents in the prescribed electronic format that are â€Å"to be regarded for the purpose of any enactment† as a deed.5 Ms. Chandra’s interest is not a legal one and may not fall under the category of protection of land charges.6 This could have entitled her to a second legal charge over the land, which would have been enforceable even in the cases of unregistered land, where the charge has not been registered as a class C1 charge7. She has been cohabiting with Mr. Crane and there is no special law that

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte Essay Wuthering Heights written by Emily Bronte is a 19th century gothic novel. The book is the story of love and twisted relationships with a splash of heart ache and evil. Heathcliff and Catherine the main characters are supported by a range of others whom interact with them to keep them apart. The novel has been widely read and made into several movies. The Masterpiece theater production of Wuthering Heights from 1996 is a good rendering, but there are several differences between the book and the movie. In the book Heathcliff’s character is developed with complicated personality traits. He is brooding, angry, compassionate and loving. The movie on the other hand, Heathcliff is a bit softer not exactly the dark skin gipsy you would be expecting. Tom Hardy the actor portraying Heathcliff gives a modern day performance of a softer and mellower person rather than the dark and broody character of the novel. The book also has a narrator a character named Lockwood. Lockwood is the character Bronte uses to progress the story along. Lockwood rents the Manor House from Heathcliff. He is rather ignorant gentleman, so he is not keen on being within the boundaries of Wuthering heights. The movie does not provide the audience with a narrator; however, it provides the use of flashbacks to progress the story along. Bronte uses ghosts in the book Wuthering Heights they represent Heathcliff’s emotions. For example the ghost of dead Catherine represents Heathcliff’s guilt and shame. In the movie the director uses nightmares, visual effects and music to represent the emotions of shame and guilt. Both allow the audience to understand the feelings of the character. Although two different representations are used the shame and the guilt of Heathcliff is understood by the audience. Both the book and movie convey the character in depth emotional makeup. The physical aspects of the novel and the movie are different. In the novel Wuthering Heights word description of scenery allows the readers imagination to create. In the movie actual locations are used which give a more define and detail oriented landscape. The castle used in the movie is dark brick and dates back to the 17th century and represents gloom. The movie also shows the viewer the gloomy surroundings of Wuthering Heights; giving the audience a visual clue to the emotions of the character. Catherine’s daughters home Thrushcross Grange is portrayed as simple cottage allowing the audience to visualize peacefulness and happiness. The movie doesn’t give the viewer excitement the way the book does; therefore, it doesn’t give â€Å"that† page turning experience. The movie comes across as if Heathcliff is a demented man with a cross to bear not really giving you the background of the story. While the book gives you the detail of the passion and betrayal that created this man. All the characters are more defined and developed because of Bronte’s artistic writing style. The movie being constrained by time and other factors can’t fully envelope the characters of book. In conclusion, I would choose a book over a movie. Bronte’s writing style is something that sparks the imagination and the readers are enthralled by the tale from page one to the end. The movie only can offer a short time of entertainment. I rather have the adventure of a good read coming to know the story and characters over time with the flip of the pages. .

The Change in Our Relationship with Nature over Time Essay Example for Free

The Change in Our Relationship with Nature over Time Essay The relationship between humans and nature has been interactive, chaotic, and complex. From a many human viewpoints, nature can be considered as both a source of everyday needs, and an adversary, a rather indefinite force which we interact with. Many people today consider themselves a separate entity, existing completely outside, if not above nature, especially in western cultures. Yet, nature was not always perceived as such. Over the centuries, people have thought of nature in a number of different ways, depending on their connection to nature at the time. To fully understand this relationship, one must first define what is meant by nature. Nature, put simply, is the complete physical world. One might also venture further to say nature is what also occurs beyond of any human feats, with a distinction between nature and the artificial. While this line between the natural and synthetic is not always so clear, one could say nature is the original arrangement and order of components of a substance, without mankind’s tampering and interference. Whereas all humans have an agenda of some sort, nature can be considered perhaps the clearest example of indifference. Beginning from humanity’s more primal state, nature was most often viewed as more of an omnipotent presence than anything else, where nature’s indifference bore down upon them the strongest. It brought hunger, disease, and disaster, wreaking havoc on all mankind. Of course there were different reactions to cope with nature’s torments, one being the creation of tools to help increase the chances of survival. However, more often a coping method would involve embodying these elemental powers as celestial forces by representing them with animals or through ritual objects. They could also be personified as gods who could direct these forces however they pleased. When disasters struck, it was due to the actions and offences of humans, so hence they let loose their unbridled anger upon the masses of terrified souls. One could say this is especially true for the Judeo-Christian traditions, where humans are thought to sit at the head of the table over all aspects of natur e, and to help deal with the intimidating character of nature, it is said humans are destined by God to dominate nature. While on the other hand,  many Eastern religions claim nearly the exact opposite: humans are an internal and basic part of nature. This Eastern way of thinking evolved over the years and became a basis for the Romantic/Transcendentalist movements. These two movements reflected people’s feeling of estrangement from nature as a dreadful loss, and they worked to recover what was seen as a broken concord between humans and nature. As a result, they favored the pastoral simplicity of the outdoors to the extensive commotion of the more modern cities. This opinion was expressed by Henry David Thoreau in his essay when he stated â€Å"Our life is frittered away by detail†¦ Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity!† With this statement he tells us that people are too caught up in their own petty, insignificant problems and a fast-paced lifestyle to see the beauty in nature and how communing with it can release men from â€Å"quiet lives of desperation,† enslaving them. Romanticism and Transcendentalism had much more of a sentimental viewpoint of life and unity with nature people, especially of Eastern philosophies, used to have. Eventually this world view dwindled and was overtaken by the manufacturer’s standpoint. Nature was simply a vast expanse of raw materials only waiting to be taken advantage of, according to the more modern businessman. With the usage of both human labor and a little human ingenuity these natural stores could be converted into products for society’s use, precious goods and services to be dispersed within communities everywhere, particularly for the company’s profit. This point of view is nearly the exact opposite of Romanticism and Transcendentalism. One could also say it seems to be a caricature of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s statement â€Å"To speak truly, few adult persons can see nature. Most persons do not see the sun. At least they have a very superficial seeing,† where the entrepreneur’s viewpoint is just that, only taken to a whole new level. Instead of simply being estranged from nature, caught up in their own little lives, they imply that nature is only a collection of decomposing matter and the physical forces controlling it, just waiting to be exploited by humans. This stance tapered away to be exchanged with its radical opposite: Environmentalism. Once people realized the rise in industry and the destruction triggered by it and the potential damage that could be done, they began to condemn what they saw as corporate greed running rampant. Environmentalists generally believed that nature was almost sacred in a sense, and inspiring reverence. Any mistreatment of nature by humans was considered invasive and an offense against its inborn inviolability. Should humans not see their mistakes and fix their lifestyles, humanity shall surely be lost. Finally, the relationship between humans and nature is much more complex and ambiguous than how most perceive it. The notion of nature has other conceptual connotations and meanings to be dealt with and understood. In different time periods this relationship is seen in many different lights, from fear, to mastery, to spiritual connectedness, to near worship. This demonstrates that the differing philosophies show one common theme-the idea that humans share an awkward, disconnected relationship with nature. The reason why is an enigma that with continue to mystify the human race.

Student Descriptions of Stress

Student Descriptions of Stress Title: How do second-year psychology students describe their experiences of university stress? Abstract:   Purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews were used as well as Interpretative phenomenological analysis being utilised to analyse the transcripts and quality checks were implemented to increase the validity of the analysis. Three superordinate themes were identified with each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each. Such qualitative research is rare in the university related stress literature for psychology students. Suggestions for further research regarding students coping with university stress. Introduction: There are now more students aiming to enter an increasingly competitive job market, which exacerbates the pressure to achieve a respectable degree (Robotham & Julian, 2006). In addition to financial and employment pressures, as well as completing exams and assignments is a period of significant change in a students life, with heightened levels of stress (Fisher & Hood, 1987). In a study conducted by Hirsch and Ellis (1996) the came to the conclusion that university students put extreme pressure on themselves to get a good grade, earn a degree, and get a job as soon as they finish their studies. Although, this is possible to achieve, the negative effects that come with sort of pressure could cause a student to do poorly in one assignment or exam due to the stress they have subjected themselves too and create even more stress for themselves by punishing themselves for not achieving as good of grade as they could have. Moyle and Parkes (1999) believed that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. McEwan (2000) also claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. Using the previous relevant research as a guideline its expected that the participants will describe their experiences of university stress by revealing the sources of their stress and how they deal with their stress. Method: Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Participants: Four second year students studying psychology at University participated in this piece of research. It was key to obtain information from a variety of different perspectives however is some homogeneity in some participants such as; gender, age, and subject of study (see Table 1). Purposive sampling was used in this piece of research because it means that the researcher can select participants based upon a particular purpose to meet their particular needs. Procedure A semi-structured interview was used to collect data from the participants regarding their experiences of university stress. This was decidedly the best method because it meant that the researcher could collect data relating to university stress using prepared questions but could also delve deeper into a participants answer by using probing questions that encourage expansion on a certain point. The interviewer began fully informing the participant that the interview would be audio recorded and used anonymously to analyse later on. This was fully by a full explanation briefed about the purpose of the experiment and that the participant has the right to withdraw at anytime. The participant would be interviewed using the prepared questions along with any probing questions used, as well as debriefed and after the participants were interviews the recording was then transcribed. Analytical approach: A qualitative study was thought to be best because it meant that the researcher could gather more detailed data from the participants. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was the chosen method of analysis in this piece of research because it allowed the interviewer to explore the subjective experiences of the participant, and help to describe and understand the respondents account of the processes by which they make sense of their experiences of university stress (Brocki, Wearden,2006). Critical realism is the ontological stance of IPA; this means that there is a reality however it is subjective because everyone interprets reality in different ways (Furlong, Marsh, 2010). This means that the epistemological stance of IPA is interpretive because it attempts to make sense of the subjective views (Furlong et al, 2010). IPA was used as a method of analysing the data by creating transcripts from each participants audio recording. Each transcript was read several times so that the researcher was familiar the data which was then coded in order to create emergent themes which would eventually become categorized into superordinate themes. The process was the same for each participant resulting in a table previewing the superordinate themes, sub-themes, and quotes from the transcripts to support the creation of the themes. Reflexivity: Qualitative analysis is a subjective process and IPA recognises that a researchers perspective usually affects the analysis (Golsworthy & Coyle, 2001). Having a good understanding of IPA means that the researchers personal perspective relative to the research topic is presented, to assist the readers interpret the analysis and for transparency (Elliott et al. 1999). The researchers interpretative framework has been influenced by: previous research in stress. It is also recognised that the analysis is influenced by the researchers perspective and the framework applied to understand the data. Findings: Table 2. Table of key themes Effects of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a range of different effects of stress that can stretch from physical effects to psychological effects, which were found to be a dominant effects of stress (see appendix 2 for themes and quotations). The psychological effects of stress can be seen in Iriss transcript in which she stated that:   I dont know how to put it in words, not just stress, it was the worst feeling ever. When you consider what most people go through in their lives, for her to say it was the worst feeling ever goes to show the toll stress had taken on her causing her to feel the worst she has ever felt. There is also evidence in Jessicas transcript in which she described one of her experiences in dealing with university related stress as feeling so much anxiety that it felt like she was drowning. There is also evidence in Anils transcript which reveals that he suffers from high levels of anxiety but without mention of a drowning sensation. There is further evidence of psychological effects of stress in Smokies transcript which suggest that he regularly suffers from mini breakdowns that help to motivate him to work but the motivation goes after a day or two which creates another mini breakdown due to the buildup of responsibilities. There is also evidence to suggest that the participants suffered from physiological effects as well as psychological effects. The main evidence comes from Anils transcript in which he described one effect of his university related stress that stated: My face gets lots of spots when I am feeling stress. For the effects of stress to manifest in a physical way is worrying but not uncommon, for example in Smokies transcript he revealed that he cries a lot because of university related stress. In Iriss transcript she describes an effect of university related stress by revealing that coping with all the responsibilities and stress of university makes her feel weak, which would be categorized as a physiological effect as well as a possible psychological effect due to the fact that you feel weakness rather than show it. Sources of student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were a variety of different sources of stress for university students which range from university work such as assignments or exams, to life after graduation. Both are considered in these participants transcripts to be dominant sources of stress. University work as a source of stress for its students is evident in all transcripts with perhaps the most evident comes from Anils transcript in which he states that: A time umm when I experienced stress the most during university is when I have a massive report due. This not only reveals one source of stress for this student to be reports set by the university but it also goes to show that this participant feels most stressed at university when set reports. This also relates to Smokies transcript in which he described his stress levels as being high when it came to deadlines which isnt that dissimilar to Anils quotation due to the fact that both feel highly stressed because of work set by the university. Further evidence can be found in Jessicas transcript in which she described her feeling of drowning in anxiety to be a result of a lack of understanding when it came to analysing data. Evidence for his future life as a source of stress for university student is evident in the transcripts but the most evident comes from Smokies transcript which stated that: teachers do things for me and like my parents do things for me, because I dont feel ready to do things for myself. Again, this not only reveals his main fear for his future life to be, but it also shows how he has got as far as he has, which is down to the support he gets from those around him. This can also be support by Jessicas transcript which described her opinion of her future life as one of confusion as to what her she would be doing in her future life and whether she would enjoy it or not. There is also evidence in Iriss transcript which reveals that she is still struggling with dealing with all the university related stress but she is hopeful that her future life will be better. Dealing with student stress The results of how the participants described their experiences of university related stress revealed that there were several different methods of dealing with stress used by the participants ranging from the support of family and friends, to the amount of support they give themselves. Evidence of support from family and friends as a method of dealing with stress can be found in all the participants transcripts, however, the main evidence for this point comes from Iriss transcript in which she states that: My mum is always being there for me and loves me and I have had some other woman in my life, I talk to her about my problems.   This reveals evidence of support not only from her mother but also from another woman who isnt a family member but would be regarded by her as a friend that supports her. This example is not unlike Jessicas transcript in which she reveals that she uses her flatmates as a method of coping with her stress. Another example of a participant using the support of family and friends as a method of dealing with university related stress comes from Smokies transcript in which he says that he gets a lot of help from his parents and when he usually gets stressed out with university work he talks to his friends. Self-support is what a person does or doesnt do to help themselves throughout their first two years of university. Evidence from Jessicas transcription states that: I procrastinate a lot [†¦] whenever I have something to do for Uni, suddenly I get a major interest to do something else. This clearly shows the lack of self-support she gave herself which meant that instead of doing university work she would ignore her responsibilities and find something else to do. This results in a build up of responsibilities that can create an overwhelming feeling of stress and possibly cause other problems for the student according to the evidence previously discussed regarding the manifestation of psychological problems into physicals ones, for example Anil and his facial spots. More evidence for a lack of self-support can be seen is all the transcripts, for example in Smokies transcript in which he describes himself as a corner-cutter who often does things he doesnt enjoy with half of his effort even though he understands that this is one of the reasons why he gets behind on his university work creating more stress for himself. Further evidence can be found in Anil and Iriss transcripts in which they both reveal that they struggle when it comes to self-support. Anil gets stressed when he attempts to tackle problems by himself, whereas Iris goes through periods of time where she feels like she cannot deal with problems by herself. Discussion: In summation, the analysis of the data has revealed that the participants all describe their experiences of university stress in a similar manner; the effects of stress on students, sources of stress for students, and dealing with student stress. Each superordinate theme had two sub-themes each, which were the result of a variety of emergent themes that were combined and adapted to equate to the final themes in the analysis. The participants descriptions of the effects of university stress related to those described by McEwen (2000) who believed that stress began in the brain and affected all organs and muscles but none more so than the brain. Using his research combined with this experiments data means that its possible localize psychological effects of stress to the burden of chronic stress which can result in behavioral changes (smoking, excessive eating, binge drinking, little or no sleep). Physiological effects of stress can be localised using the same method in which McEwan (2000) claimed that brain regions respond to acute and chronic stress and show changes in morphology and chemistry. This could explain why the participants were affected the ways they were. The difficulties related to university work but more specifically; exams and assignments, can be linked to Yumatov (2001) who reported that exams can influence a strong psychological and emotional reaction in students, with feelings of stress experienced before and during, that can persist until they receive their results afterwards, with many experiencing anxiety and stress over the outcome. Gadzella(1998) argued that its the uncertainty and anxiety that is the main cause of the stress as opposed to the exam itself. The pressure of graduation as well as post graduation life is as serious source of stress as any according to the data from this experiment and is also supported by Hirsch and Ellis (1996). This could explain what the sources of the participants university stress was. The participants experience of dealing with university stress can be related to other similar cases such as Moyle and Parkes (1999) who believe that given the high levels of stress and change students are faced throughout university and the pressure placed on their coping resources, support from friends and family is invaluable during this period. Without friends, students have more limited resources at their disposal to assist them in the university work as well as emotional support. An absence of friends also makes it more likely to consider dropping out (Paul & Brier, 2001). This could explain why the participants used the supportive systems they used. Using a qualitative approach provided depth and detail in that it looked deeper than analysing ranks and counts by recording attitudes, feelings and behaviours. Similar to the reason why a semi-structured interview was chosen because it allows the interviewer to be more spontaneous in their questioning without being too sporadic. That being said, there are usually fewer people are studied in qualitative report because a collection of data is generally more time consuming that quantitative data collection and therefore unless time, staff and budget allows it is generally necessary to include a smaller sample size. It also means that its difficult to generalise because fewer people are studied and its not possible to generalise results to that of the population. A qualitative report is also dependent on skills the of the researcher particularly in the case of conducting interviews, focus groups and observation. As an overall summation of this study it can be concluded that there is need for further research regarding university stress as a result of the data and previous relevant research. References Abouserie, R. (1994). Sources and levels of stress in relation to locus of control and self esteem in university students. Educational psychology, 14(3), 323-330. Brocki, J. M., & Wearden, A. J. (2006). A critical evaluation of the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in health psychology. Psychology and health, 21(1), 87-108. Dahl, C. M., & Boss, P. (2005). The use of phenomenology for family therapy research. Research methods in family therapy, 2, 63-84. Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2013). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of stress and coping in first year undergraduates. British Educational Research Journal, 39(6), 1002-1024. Elliott, R., Fischer, C. T., & Rennie, D. L. (1999). Evolving guidelines for publication of qualitative research studies in psychology and related fields. British journal of clinical psychology, 38(3), 215-229. Fisher, S., & Hood, B. (1987). The stress of the transition to university: a longitudinal study of psychological disturbance, absent†mindedness and vulnerability to homesickness. British journal of psychology, 78(4), 425-441. Furlong, P., & Marsh, D. (2010). A skin not a sweater: Ontology and epistemology in political science. Theory and methods in political science, 184-211. Gadzella, B. M. (1994). Student-life stress inventory: Identification of and reactions to stressors. Psychological reports, 74(2), 395-402. Gadzella, B. M., Masten, W. G., & Stacks, J. (1998). Students stress and their learning strategies, test anxiety, and attributions. College Student Journal. Golsworthy, R., & Coyle, A. (2001). Practitioners accounts of religious and spiritual dimensions in bereavement therapy. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 14(3), 183-202. McEwen, B. S. (2008). Central effects of stress hormones in health and disease: Understanding the protective and damaging effects of stress and stress mediators. European journal of pharmacology, 583(2), 174-185. Paul, E. L., & Brier, S. (2001). Friendsickness in the transition to college: Precollege predictors and college adjustment correlates. Journal of Counseling & Development, 79(1), 77-89. Robotham, D., & Julian, C. (2006). Stress and the higher education student: a critical review of the literature. Journal of further and higher education, 30(02), 107-117. Ross, S. E., Niebling, B. C., & Heckert, T. M. (1999). Sources of stress among college students. Social psychology, 61(5), 841-846. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2007). Pain as an assault on the self: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the psychological impact of chronic benign low back pain. Psychology and health, 22(5), 517-534. Weinstein, L., & Laverghetta, A. (2009). College student stress and satisfaction with life. College Student Journal, 43(4), 1161. Yumatov, E. A., Kuzmenko, V. A., Badikov, V. I., Glazachev, O. S., & Ivanova, L. I. (2001). Emotional stress in students during examinations. Human Physiology, 27(2), 221-227. Appendix 1 Table 1. Table depicting demographic information of participants used in this experiment Appendix 2 Table 2.Table of Themes, quotes, and where to find them in their transcriptions

McDonaldization Essay -- essays research papers

People At Work Coursework Question   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To what extent do you consider this concept of the McDonaldization of society disturbing, expected or inevitable, for employees in the twentifirst century. Also the possible consequences for theories of human motivation and whether the concept applies equally to all jobs. In this paper I will be analysing the effects McDonaldization has on society and the employees of the twentifirst century. I will be discussing whether McDonaldization is to be expected, accepted, rejected or is inevitable. I will also be arguing that McDonaldization does effect employee motivation, and how it fits in the numerous theories on motivation. McDonaldization as defined by George Ritzer is â€Å"the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of society†. This concept originally stems from the concept of bureaucracy, which was a type of organisational structure that aimed to rationalise and standardise its products and services and the processes it took to produce them. McDonaldization differs somewhat from bureaucracy as it concerns itself with its five main points: Efficiency, Calculatability, Predictability and Control. For the emphasis to be on these points it has an effect on employee’s jobs. Often it involves the de-skilling of the employees, under McDonaldization employees do not need a wide range of skills, In fact just to be productive they only need to know how to complete a single task. This has numerous benefits for the organisation, primarily it cuts down on training costs as it does not cost much to train for low skilled jobs, and as these jobs are so low skilled employees can be paid minimum wage. It also leaves employees with little bargaining power as staff can be replaced so easily. Jobs often become standardised and continually repetitive and leave room for little or free thinking or initiative to be employed. Staff are often replaced or governed by technological changes. However it is argued that the effects McDonaldization has on employees depends on the many variables surrounding your job i.e. public or private, Blue collar (professional) or white collar (menial) jobs or simply the type of industry retail, service or tertiary. Public sector jobs tend to be as less affected by McDonaldization than pr... ...n, Supervision, Working Conditions, Relationships, Salary, Status and Security. As I outlined in previous paragraphs that McDonaldization has a negative impact on all these things. Herzbergs model also names motivators as being achievement, recognition, interest in tasks, responsibility and advancement. McDonaldization by design makes it more difficult to make big achievements and even harder to be recognised for them. With the standardisation of many jobs interest in the tasks are unlikely to play a big part in motivation. Increased responsibility, growth and advancement have also been negatively effected by McDonaldization and opportunities for either of these motivators is become bleak. Overall one can see that the effects McDonaldization have had on society and its employees tend to be negative ones. But the reason it is so widespread is because huge organisations rely on it as a means to maximise profit. But is the price too high for the rest of us to bear. It plays as a de-motivator, effects our everyday thinking. References George Ritzer ‘The McDonaldization Of Society’ Abraham Maslow Fredrick Herzberg Dr Ellen Langer Mullins Buchanan & Huczynski

Women in Technology Essay -- Technology Technological Computers Essays

Women in Technology Women have played a major role in computing for centuries as well as men. The purpose of this paper is to gain knowledge on women involved in technology who for some reason do not gain as much recognition as do men. There are numerous women within this field worth talking about, but the ones chosen were Ada Byron, Grace Hopper, Evelyn Granville, and Krisztina Holly. The history of each individual will be discussed as well as what form of influence they had in computers. Introduction The revolution of computers had begun centuries ago. It has been the work of many over the course of years to bring computers where they are today. For quite some time it entailed people with bright imaginations to come up with technological inventions. These inventions were then taken and built upon to improve its functionality. Finally, computers were no longer a revolution but an evolution since the 1950’s. During the course of this time many men as well as women had influenced technology. Unfortunately, women have not received the same form of recognition as the men have in this field of study. After carefully researching women in technology, it was observed on how true this was. It was difficult to find the names of women who were influential in computing let alone their biographies. On the other hand, finding men who were involved in this field were numerous. After spending time finding a list of women who were instrumental in computing, it was then narrowed down to four women of interest. The first woman to be discussed is Ada Byron. Following her will be Grace Hopper, Evelyn Granville, and Krisztina Holly. Ada Byron, Lady Love Lace Ada Byron, also known as Lady Lovelace, was born on December 10, 1815. She was the daughter of the famous poet, Lord Byron. Shortly after Ada was born, her mother asked for a separation from Lord Byron out of fear her daughter would become a poet like her father. Because of this, she was taught to be a mathematician and scientist. Ada at the age of 19 was having dinner at her friends’ house when she first heard of Babbage’s idea to invent a new calculating engine. According to Toole, â€Å"Babbage wanted a calculating engine that could not only foresee but could act on that foresight† (2000). Ada was very intrigued by his ideas and began a friendship with Babbage shortly after. â€Å"Ada predicted that a machine l... ... Each one of these women has had a tremendous role with computer advancement and deserves equal recognition for their accomplishments. It is up to computer science professors and major computer corporations to help get the word out on how women had a part in computer technology and still do. Maybe this will help take away many of the stereotypes and more women would have the desire to follow a career in computer technology. The time has come for major corporations to highlight noteworthy talents and insights of women, which have remained relatively unknown outside the workplace. References Danis, S. (1997). Rear admiral grace murray hopper. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Hopper.Danis.html Granville, E. (2000). My life as a mathematician, by evelyn boyd granville. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/granvill.htm MIT. (2002). Krisztina holly engineer, entrepreneur. Retrieved February 10, 2006, from http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/inventorsA-H/holly.html Toole, B. (2000). Ada byron, lady lovelace (1818-1852). Retrieved February 10, 2006, From http://www.cs.yale.edu/homes/tap/files/ada-bio.html

Where Have You Gone, Joshua Chamberlain? :: Free Essays Online

Where Have You Gone, Joshua Chamberlain? To some, it may be considered a minor inconvenience. To others, a drawn-out ordeal with annoying aspects, but one they realize will be completed shortly. Yet to some, to a select, elite group of young, paranoid, and, let’s face it, broke, lot of people known as college students, it’s a travesty. An impossibility. An object traveling deep into the Void, never to be seen again. This trip into the parallel universe to which some objects traverse without return is known as: The Loss of a Package Sent by your Parents. It wasn’t a package of cookies -- oh no, it couldn’t be something sweet, simple, and purely meant as a tasty surprise. Nor was it a warm, knit blanket, something to keep me toasty warm during long, cold nights of studying in my fairly-heated dorm room. Mail accidentally sent to my home address instead of my brand-new, thoroughly unfamiliar college address it was not. It was a package of books, hand-picked by my dad, for my first college presentation, discussing the life of a Civil War general, Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain. My father is somewhat of a self-taught expert on the subject. A man who has been that annoying voice in the back of a group tour, constantly asking questions and making comments (this â€Å"he-usually-makes-fun-of-this-person† day took place at the Joshua Chamberlain Museum in Brunswick, Maine). A man who has scoured every remote bookstore location in Maine, searching, praying, for another addition to his collection of scores of books concerning the late, great Joshua Chamberlain and the 20th Maine. This past summer, he hit the jackpot. While walking in Freeport, Maine, land of the wondrous L.L. Bean store, my father stumbled upon a small shanty of a store with a meager painted sign which read: â€Å"BOOKS: 20TH MAINE.† With bated breath, my dad entered the store. And there, among rows of Civil War memorabilia, regiment flags and extremely overpriced bronze replicas of battles such as Little Round Top, Dan Beaulieu found heaven. To this day, I wonder if he breathed once in that store, for fear that a puff of air might blow away his Holy Grail of bookstores. After a very exciting hour of buying T-shirts with inspiring quotes

Should a Concealed Weapons License Be Allowed in the U.S.

As citizens of the United States, we have the option if deemed necessary to possess a weapon and use it for self-defense. The Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution, second amendment states that we have the right to bear and keep arms. Because often high crime rate in some areas may be a reason why a citizen may choose to carry a concealed weapon. Crime is something that looks like it will be an unending situation that is not even close to going away. Possessing a weapon as a use for self-defense will help to protect a citizen when one needs to defend themselves. Others of us feel that firearms play an important role in our lives both from the standpoint of sporting and hunting as well as their application to principles f self-defense particularly when patients represent a high risk population† (Dante, 1996). One may agree that having a concealed weapon would decrease the crime rate but the question is, does it really make a difference? Criminals have a choice about c ommitting a crime or not. â€Å"Many believe that restricting access to firearms would result in a decrease in crime, especially violent crime.Others believe that restricting access to guns would have little to no effect on crime rates and would only trample the rights of US citizens to possess guns† (Gigs, 2009). Owning a gun is seed primarily for self-defense against a criminal and not to mention animals that are out of control. We Just need to keep in mind that a weapon is not a toy and that there are consequences to pay if not used correctly. Each individual state has its own laws on carrying a concealed weapon. Depending on which state that a citizen is a resident of is where it is based on whether a citizen can carry a concealed weapon permit.The different permits for carrying concealed weapons among states are shall-issue, may-issue, and right denied. Something to be aware about a concealed weapon permit is not all state permits are honored in another state. For exampl e, if one were to get a concealed weapons permit in California the permit will not be honored in Nevada. There are some advantages and disadvantages when it comes to being allowed to carry a concealed weapon and reasons why some of these laws may or may not be so lenient. Some states like Texas and Florida are liberalizing the laws for carrying a concealed weapon. Some states are tightening or toughening up the laws concerning obtaining a concealed weapon. These include Massachusetts and New York† (Dante, 1996). All citizens should have the right to carry within limitations. Is it true that there is a relationship between right to carry individuals and increase in violent crime? In Citizen defend thyself,: it states that the relationship between right to carry and high crime rates are actually lowered (Hood, 2009).GAO reports that as of March 2012, the right to carry law is currently allowed in all states, except Illinois. The laws aiding these states allow right to carry laws , and the argument still is skeptical of the research behind the tolerance of this law. Despite the research that points to the conclusion that violence is variable, public suspicion points that violence increases with the ability of a citizen to carry concealed arms. However, according to GAO, the amount of individuals issued concealed weapons permit is 8 million citizens.The United States census states the population of the United States currently as 314,441,706; the relationship displays that less than 3% of the overall population maintains a concealed weapons permit. The majority of the population does not carry a concealed weapon license. The relationship between the aspect of increased violent crime and right to carry does not seem substantiated u to such a low national ratio of concealed weapons license. In actuality, this will show that right carry laws provide a direct impact on preventing violent crimes than the assumption otherwise.Individuals need to base their priority on obtaining a concealed weapon's license on specific criteria. Each state varies on issuing a weapon's permit, background checks must be completed, and the extent of the background check varies with the state. According to Hood, right to carry laws should be evaluated on an individual basis, based on the area he or she is in, consistency of ravel, and prior background. The amount of applications that are denied a concealed permit is under the complete discretion of the state.Depending if the state has a may issue or shall-issue permit law, the discretion is normally used on the cause for the applicant. Hood explained that most applicants that apply for concealed weapon license is due to the fact of personal protection from a prior experience as a crime victim. A victim that has been directly affected by a violent crime may never feel safe without a concealed weapon at his or her side. A concealed weapon will be useful to he applicant if he or she has received threats or lives in a high crime area.If the individual lives in a high area of crime, the relationship between fear of a crime and when a crime will be committed is Just reason for the citizen to be granted a permit. In California, â€Å"issuing authorities (local law enforcement) told us that an example of a good cause is a business owner who may regularly retain cash on-hand used to pay employees. â€Å"(GAO, 2012, p. 13) How frequently an individual travels with a concealed weapon is also a basis of Judgment to consider issuing permits.If the individual's behavior produces an unwillingness to leave a weapon at home instead of carrying it across state repeatedly, this might show that in reality the person is not concealing a weapon Just in the high rate of crime area. This basis will work more effectively in preventing the wrong hands in acquiring a concealed weapon license. Simple background checks in some states such as Colorado, allow us to rethink the policies to issue weapons to the general pub lic. The necessity of right to carry and conceal on an individual basis will help avoid tragedies and catastrophe that shame our moral obligation to society's welfare.Right to carry laws does not interfere or cause violent crime in society. The presumption of citizens that carry a concealed weapon is the cause of society violent behavior need to be reevaluated based on research in high rate areas. The most important reason all citizens should have the right to carry arms based on an individual basis is because the passage of right to carry law actually lowers the incident of violent crime. Hood also explains that in New Orleans, the percentage of concealed weapons' carriers and the relationship to high crime is lowered in the eyes off permit holder.The use of a scientific survey to the general population in New Orleans shows most evidentially when questioned if their city was below the national crime average. In Hood's survey, 33% of non-permit holders believed it was lower, while 3 8% of permit holders believed their city was below the national average. However, the fact remains that the effects of right to carry laws vary across time, geographic context, and by the type of crime. Citizens are the variable in each equation and if you isolate all violent crimes into one group it would not benefit the scientific research inhibited concealed weapons.This relationship is caused by the type of crime, for instance an individual that was mugged will have a different experience if someone was sexually assaulted or raped. In Crime in economics and states, it explains that crime is subject also to the economic state of the country, not just type of crime. If a country economic state is poor, you would most likely see a reaction by an increase in theft. (Bessie, 1999) Obtaining a concealed license and the type of crime has to be evaluated and determined if the crime was avoided or it was cause of the crime.Citizens that can carry a concealed weapon feel safer in high rim e areas. The disadvantage of others that may be harmed due to the fact of a concealed weapon on person is the state of mind of the carrier. However, in light of concealed permit holders state of mind, this group feels the area around them is a much safer place than without a concealed weapon. The reality of Justifying good cause for a moral individual to be issued a concealed weapons permit will be a deterrent for violent crime to occur. Why is Japan considered to be the safest country?In Japan the crime rate is not so high and Japanese citizens can leave a bicycle unlocked without worrying about someone stealing it. The Japanese Justice Ministry's Research and Training Institute has, in its 1977 â€Å"White Paper on Crime,† compared domestic crime rates to those abroad and says that Japan is by far the safest industrialized nation in the world† (Douglas, 1977). Japan is known to be a safe place with less crime compared to the United States. Japan's gun-related crime ra te is only eleven deaths per year which is unbelievable when we look at the crime rate in the United States.The only weapons that are allowed in Japan are air guns and shotguns. The process to get a gun is rather lengthy. Japanese law, however, tarts with the 1958 act stating that â€Å"No person shall possess a firearm or firearms or a sword or swords,† later adding a few exceptions. (Fisher, 2012). To acquire a gun, a Japanese citizen needs to go through a one day class and passing a written test, passing a shooting range class, mental fitness and drug testing by a medical check- up. The medical reports need to be filed with the police.There is also a criminal background check that is required for the air gun or shotgun. Once all the requirements are met, you would need to provide all the necessary documentation on where the gun will be kept and locked in the house. The police are required to inspect the gun every year while re-taking a class and test every three years. The process is difficult and in my opinion would discourage a Japanese citizen from having a gun. Japanese citizens do not seem to have any issues about their gun laws.The gun control and laws are stricter in Japan, forbidding sales and buying of handguns, small-caliber rifles, and toy guns. A Japanese citizen could be charged with holding a gun, possessing and shooting unlicensed bullets if they were to shoot a gun. Although Japanese citizens are limited to owning air guns and shot guns, enforcing a concealed weapons license may not be something that Japanese citizens would consider because their police force takes care of their Job in a manner that one would not require one to own a handgun. Japan enjoys one other benefit that may be related to the low crime rate, an efficient police force and a tradition of citizen cooperation, which help give the country the highest arrest rate, relative to crimes committed, of all advanced nations† (Fisher, 2012). In conclusion, the fact rem ains that the effect of right to carry law varies across time, geographic context, and by the type of crime. All citizens should have the right to carry arms within limitation for two main reasons. First, right to carry law should be evaluated on an individual basis based on area he or she in is, consistency of travel, and prior background.But most importantly, the passage of the right to carry law lowers the incident of violent crimes. â€Å"As the respective examples of Luxembourg and Russia suggest, the kinds of people who murder will either find guns despite severe controls or will find other weapons with which to kill† (Amuser, 2006). The majority of people that apply for the concealed weapons licenses have been victims of crime. Owners of a concealed weapons license typically view their society a safer place. Plainsman (n. D. ) states â€Å"Robbery rates in right-to carry states were rising until the laws were passed and then fell continually after that point. Is there a â€Å"Robbery Effect If a person is unstable, then most likely they will not be able to complete the process to obtain a concealed carry license. It's not the license that causes crime, but it's the person's mentality. According to â€Å"The First Decade Of The Tennessee Handgun Permit Law Shows Very Good Results By Legally Armed Citizens In Tennessee† (2004), â€Å"There are o incidents that can be found where in a defensive incident a Tennessee Handgun Permit Holder shot or wounded in some manner, any innocent person.There are a number of defensive incidents where a Tennessee Handgun Permit Holder used his or her pistol to defend themselves or another party but, only the aggressor was harmed. † (Self-Defense Incidents Also Reflect Good Results). Q). If a no concealed carry law passes then that's only going to stop the law abiding citizens, not the criminals. Just because a person has a license to carry a concealed weapon, does not cause violent crime in society. Crime is created by the state of mind of the person with the weapon, not by the legality of owning a weapon.

Microsoft Swot

Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the world's largest software maker measured by revenues. It is also one of the world's most valuable companies. Microsoft was established to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800.It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The company's 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent rise in its share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquir ed Skype Technologies for $8. 5 billion in its largest acquisition to date.  «About Microsoft inc. As of 2012, Microsoft is market dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets (the latter with Microsoft Office). The company also produces a wide range of other software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet search (with Bing), the video game industry (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile phones (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer.In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft used monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics; both the U. S. Department of Justice and Eu ropean Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws. Microsoft just lost a world-record to Apple. Microsoft was valued to $619 billion during the last tech bubble in 2000, and the current value of Apple is $623 billion – so Apple currently is the most valuable publicly traded company of all time (If you ignore inflation.IBM was worth $1. 3 trillion in 1967 if you adjust for inflation). Microsoft seems to lose more and more of their market shares to competitors. Google's web-browser Chrome is the largest web-browser – Microsoft Explorer has the second place. Is Microsoft the next large tech company to fall into the graveyard of the old once mighty forgotten companies? To find out, one way is to make a SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Strong brand †¢Increasing research and development investments †¢High financial strength†¢Lack of innovations †¢Bugs †¢No proud users OpportunitiesThreats Windows 8 †¢Xbox 720 †¢New logo†¢Piracy †¢Tablets competition †¢Open source model Strengths †¢Microsoft is the number 1 in the following areas: oXbox 360 – 47 percent of the market before Playstation 3 and Nintendo Wii oOffice – 94 percent of the market  «Microsoft. com » oWindows is the largest operating system in the world – 92 percent of the market before Apple with 6 percent  «Microsoft. com » †¢Microsoft may not always be number 1, but they are number 2: oExplorer is the second largest web-browser – behind Google Chrome oBing is the second largest search engine – behind Google Sometimes you don't have a choice. If you are buying a PC today, you are going to buy it with Microsoft Windows pre-installed. If you are working at a large company, you are going to use Microsoft Office †¢Microsoft is a company with a high financial strength: oDistributes a dividend 4 times each year – currently $0. 23 per share oAre buy ing back shares – the 2012 outstanding shares have decreased by 16. 6 percent since 2006 oRevenues in 2012 have increased to $73,723 million from $44,282 million in 2006 oEarnings per share in 2012 have increased to $2. 72 from $1. in 2006  «Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again?  » Weaknesses †¢Lack of innovation. Microsoft and Facebook both spent about $1 billion. Facebook bought Instagram, and Microsoft bought patents  «Microsoft. com » †¢Lack of innovative company culture. The employees are competing with each other – not with other companies – thanks to the management system inside Microsoft that says that everyone in a group can't be top performers. Each unit is forced to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor – no matter how good they are.One of the employees said: â€Å"It was always much less about how I could become a better engineer and much more about my need to imp rove my visibility among other managers. †  «Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again?  » †¢Bugs – Microsoft has a reputation for making software with bugs. Everyone can remember when Bill Gates was going to make a presentation and the famous blue screen appeared. Go and check it out here if you have missed it: YouTube. Have you ever seen a similar presentation by Apple?The problem with creating a software such as Windows is that Windows needs to work with many different computers from different manufacturers. It is easier for Apple to create software without bugs since they are manufacturing their own computers †¢No dedicated users. Apple users loves to show that they are using Apple devices, but who's proud of using a device from Microsoft? Opportunities †¢Next generation products such as Windows 8 and Xbox 720 †¢Microsoft has just changed its corporate logo – and the logo now includes a symbol Threats Microsoft is a PC company while mor e and more people are shifting to mobile and tablets. They are trying their best with Surface – their own tablet. It's hard to compete with Apple today since you also have to compete with iTunes Store with millions of apps. If you create a better iPhone competitor, people are still going to use the iPhone because of all the apps available †¢Open source models: oLibre Office is free and as good as Microsoft Office if you are only using the basic functions oOuya – the open source Android video game console may be a low-cost competitor to the Xbox

Management Paper Outline

I. Introduction A. Indicate the case name and page number, and give a very brief summary of it. B. Forecast the main points you will be making in the paper. II. Environmental Factors and Ethical Considerations A. What are the primary issues in this case? Why are they significant? B. What are the contextualizing environmental factors in this case? Why are they noteworthy? C. What are the factors affecting ethical choices in this case? Which is most important? D. How can the criteria for ethical decision making be applied in this case? Which of the criteria is most relevant? Why? III.Planning A. What type of planning and goal setting are depicted in this case? What are the implications of those types of planning and goal setting? B. What type of decision making is evident in this case? What can be inferred from the approach or approaches to decision making used in this case? IV. Organizing C. What characteristics of organizing are exhibited in this case? What are the implications of th ose characteristics? D. How and to what extent are change and innovation undertaken in this case? What are the consequences of the change and innovation initiatives or lack of initiatives?E. How and to what extent is the strategic role of human resource management practiced in this case? What are the implications of those practices for maintaining an effective workforce and valuing diversity? V. Leading F. How is the importance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence evidenced in this case? What is the significance of attitudes, personality traits, and emotional intelligence in this case? G. What is the nature of leadership exhibited or not exhibited in this case? What can be inferred from the nature of leadership exhibited in this case? H.How and to what extent is an understanding of motivation demonstrated in this case? What can be learned from this? I. What characteristics of communication are exhibited in this case? What are the implications of those charact eristics? J. How and to what extent is teamwork used in this case? What are the implications of the use or lack of use of teamwork in this case? VI. Controlling K. How and to what extent are TQM or other techniques of control exercised in this case? L. What can be learned about the nature and implications of control in this case? VII. Summary and Implications M.How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in or out of alignment in this case? What is the significance of the alignment or lack of alignment? N. How and to what extent are the basic functions of management (planning, organizing, leading, and controlling) in concert with the environmental conditions? What is the significance of this? O. How and to what extent are ethics and social responsibility exercised in this case? What are the implications of this? P. What, in the end, are your primary findings in this case? What are the implications of those findings?